抗生素英文课件精品 ANTIBIOTICS 方案说明.pptVIP

Problems Associated with All Antibiotics Problem Precautions Resistance *Minimise antibiotics unless bacterial sensitivity is known. *Ensure adequate doses, making allowances for drug-food interactions. Complete course. *Avoid spreading infection by observing hospital policies for hand-washing, asepsis, and single-use equipment. *Try to prevent contact between MRSA and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci by separating patients harbouring these bacteria. Such contact could allow development of vancomycin-resistant MRSA. Hypersensitivity 1-10% of patients are hypersensitive to penicillins. *Thorough patient history. *Pre-therapy assessment of breathing pattern and skin to facilitate detection of any changes. Administer intravenous therapy slowly. ANTIBIOTICS M.Raslan Introduction *Antibiotic is a natural substance produced by a micro-organism to kill another ANTIBIOTICS Classification *Bacteriostatic (inhibit growth without death) or Bactericidial (Kill) *Mechanism of action *Spectrum of Activity: ( broad or narrow) ANTIBIOTICS Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal *Bacteriostatic: allows for natural immunity to deal with the microbe e.g. Antibodies,phagocytosis *Bactericidial : may lead to release of toxins and microbial contents leading to subsequent illness and inflammatory responses. ANTIBIOTICS Disruption of the microbial cell membrane Affect cell membrane transportation in and out Increases permeability of membrane External influences have greater effect Microbe death Example: Polymyxin, Colistin Note: These agents are more toxic systemically than those agents that inhibit cell wall synthesis. ANTIBIOTICS Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Act either at: * Site of protein synthesis (ribosome) within the nucleus by inhibiting synthesis of nucleic acids *DNA replication / RNA synthesis = TRANSCRIPTION Example: Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and macrolides (erythromycin) ANTIBIOTICS Interfe