抗生素英文课件精品—— Antibiotics典型实例.pptVIP

* of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2008 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2008 * of 6 ? Boardworks Ltd 2008 What are antibiotics? Antibiotics are a group of drugs used to treat bacterial infections. bactericidal – kill bacterial cells bacteriostatic – slow the growth or reproduction of bacteria. They are effective against prokaryotic cells but they generally leave eukaryotic cells unharmed. Some antibiotics prevent the formation of bacterial cell walls, resulting in osmotic lysis. There are two different types of antibiotics: Testing antibiotics Antibiotic resistance In the presence of an antibiotic, bacteria with resistance to that antibiotic (due to genetic mutation) have an advantage. M. tuberculosis has evolved resistance to streptomysin and other antibiotics. Multi-drug resistant TB is still relatively rare, but there is growing concern about its spread. They are able to survive and reproduce, giving rise to a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In some cases this resistance is evolving faster than the development of new antibiotics. Photo credit: P Ferguson, ISM / Science Photo Library Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through bacteria (red) being killed (yellow remnants) by the use of the antibiotic drug ceftazidine. These bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that can cause endocarditis (internal heart inflammation). This can be treated with ceftazidine. Magnification unknown. Teacher notes Antibiotics were originally obtained directly from organisms such as the Penicillum fungus, but many can now be produced by chemical synthesis. See the ‘Transport Across Membranes’ presentation for more information about osmosis and lysis. Photo credit: Wellcome Library, London An assortment of antibiotics in tablet and capsule form. Photo credit: Janice Haney Carr / CDC This 2005 scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicted numerous clumps of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, commonly referred to by the acronym, MRSA (