抗生素英文课件精品 ANTIMICROBIALS(35p)重点培训.pptVIP

ANTIMICROBIALS;ANTIMICROBIALS;ANTIMICROBIALS;ANTIBIOTICS;ANTIOBIOTICS;AGAR DIFFUSION TEST;AGAR DIFFUSION TEST; An example of a plate from a disc diffusion study. Note the varying sizes of the inhibitory zone present around the different disks. Each disk is impregnated with a different antibiotic agent. Interpretation of the test requires comparison of the measured zone diameter with the accepted cutoff values for each antibiotic/organism pair. ;Figure F. Antibiotic-sensitivity testing. Petri dishes were spread-inoculated with Staphylococcus albus (white growth) or Micrococcus luteus (yellow growth) before antibiotic assay rings were placed on the agar surface. The coloured disks at the end of each spoke of the rungs are impregnated with different antibiotics. Clockwise from the top (arrow) these are: Novobiocin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin (white disk), Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Fusidic acid (green disk) and Methicillin. Clear zones of suppression of bacterial growth around the individual antibiotic disks are evidence of sensitivity to these antibiotics.;;BROTH DILUTION METHOD; This figure shows a schematic of the broth dilution test. Bacteria are inoculated into tubes containing culture broth and varying concentrations of the antibiotic to be tested. The tubes are incubated to allow bacterial growth. The MIC is read as the lowest concentration of antibiotic which inhibited bacterial growth. In the above example, the MIC would be 8 micrograms/ml. The interpretation of this MIC depends on the organism/antibiotic pair being tested, and is made following standard NCCLS guidelines. ;MIC - Macrodilution. In this case, bacterial growth occurred at a Tetracycline concentration of 0.8 mcg/ml but not at 1.6 mcg/ml. Thus, the minimum inhibitory concentration is read as 1.6 mcg/ml. ;HOW DO ANTIBIOTICS ACTUALLY WORK?;THINGS TO CONSIDER:;ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE;ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES;CLASSES OF ANTIBIOTICS;DISINFECTANTS ANTISEPTICS;DEFINITIONS; BACTERICIDAL – chemi