Handbook of Railway Vehicle dynamics 13文档.pdfVIP

13 Field Testing and Instrumentation of Railway Vehicles Ju lian Stow and Evert Andersson CONTENTS I. Introduction 424 A. Reasons for Testing 424 II. Common Transducers 425 A. Displacement Transducers 425 B. Accelerometers 426 1. Piezoelectric Accelerometers 427 2. Capacitive Accelerometers 429 C. Strain Gauges 430 1. Bridge Circuits 432 D. Force-Measuring Wheelsets 433 1. Measuring Lateral Forces between Wheelset and Axle Box 435 2. Measuring Lateral and Vertical Wheel –Rail Forces — The Axle Method 435 3. Measuring Lateral and Vertical Wheel –Rail Forces — Wheel Methods 436 4. Compensation for Undesired Parasitic Effects 437 E. Vehicle Speed and Position Measurement 438 1. The AC Tachogenerator 438 2. Hall Effect Probes 439 3. Ground Speed Radar 439 4. Determining Vehicle Position 440 III. Test Equipment Configuration and Environment 441 A. Transducer Positions on Vehicles 442 IV. Data Acquisition 443 V. Measurement of Wheel and Rail Profiles 445 VI. Track Geometry Recording 447 A. Manual Survey 448 B. Track Geometry Trolley 449 C. Track Recording Vehicles 449 D. Chord Offset Measuring Systems 451 VII. Examples of Vehicle Laboratory and Field Tests 452 A. Static/Quasi-Static Tests 452 1. Wheel Unloading Test 452 2. Bogie Rotational Resistance Test 452 3. Sway Test 454