外研版高中英语必修1 Module 1《My First Day at Senior High》背景知识拓展.docVIP

MODULE 1 My First Day at Senior High Education in the United States Education in the United States?is mainly provided by the?public sector, with control and funding coming from three levels:?federal,?state, and?local. Child education is?compulsory. Public education?is universally available. School curricula（课程）, funding, teaching, employment, and other policies are set through locally elected?school boards?with jurisdiction over?school districts?with many directives from state legislatures. School districts are usually separate from other local jurisdictions, with independent officials and budgets. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state governments.[来源:Z,xx,k.Com] The ages for compulsory education vary by state. It begins from ages five to eight and ends from ages fourteen to eighteen. Compulsory education requirements can generally be satisfied by educating children in?public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved?home school?program. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school， middle school?(sometimes called junior high school), and?high school?(sometimes referred to as secondary education). In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups into?grades, ranging from kindergarten?(followed by?first grade) for the youngest children in elementary school, up to?twelfth grade, the final year of?high school. The exact age range of students in these grade levels varies slightly from area to area. Post-secondary education, better known as college in the United States, is generally governed separately from the elementary and high school system, and is described as a separate section. 美国教育 在美国，教育主要由公共部门来提供，管理、资金来自三个层面：联邦、州和地方。孩子们的教育是义务教育。 公共教育普遍地都能够得到。学校的课程、资金、教学、人事招聘和其他政策都是通过当地选出的带有州议会对学校管辖权的董事会来确定的。学校通常与其他的当地管辖权是分开的，有着独立的公职人员和预算。教育标准和标准化的测试通常都是由州政府来制定。 义务教育阶段的年龄因州而异。这个年龄开始于5到8岁，结束于14到18。[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K] 义务教育的要求一般是由公立学校、州认