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Melanie烫hannon
OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF MINERAL SEPARATES FROM MARTIAN
METEORITES: CONSTRAINTS ON SNC PARENTAL MAGMAS
Melanie Channon
Advisers: John Eiler and Ed Stolper
ABSTRACT
Many discoveries have been made suggesting that water once flowed on the
surface of Mars. Igneous rocks from Mars (in the form of meteorites) can be studied
to determine whether or not their magma sources have assimilated crust that has
been altered by water such as an ocean or river. On Earth, unaltered igneous rocks
that come from the mantle have a uniform oxygen isotopic composition. Igneous
rocks coming from magma that intruded and assimilated aqueously altered crust
have a different composition. In this study, oxygen isotopes were measured in
mineral separates from 15 different martian meteorites by laser fluorination.
Olivine from meteorites classified as shergottites and chassignites measured in this
study were found to have the same isotopic composition, whereas olivine from
nakhlites have a different composition. Shergottites and chassignites may have
never been in contact with water and therefore reflect the oxygen isotopic
composition of igneous minerals from the mantle. Nakhlites, on the other hand, may
come from a region of Mars that was affected by water.
INTRODUCTION
Mars is a terrestrial planet similar to Earth. There are signs that liquid water
existed on the surface in the past. Liquid water is the foundation for life, as we
know it. If there was enough water that persisted for long enough, it is possible that
Mars harbored and may still harbor simple forms of life. We have samples from
Mars in the form of meteorites. The martian meteorites (also known as SNC
meteorites according to the type
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