高一英语 基础语法复习（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）.doc

高一英语 基础语法复习 （句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句） 一、句子成分概述 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要 成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位 语。 （二）成分导图概览： 【例句】 主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed. 谓语： 1、简单谓语： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： You may keep the book for two weeks. 【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。如：We are students. 表语： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 宾语： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语补足语： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） 定语： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） 状语： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 【巩固