工程电路分析第一章.pdfVIP

第一章 概 论 第第一章章 电电路分析和电电气工工程 1.1 引言 EE —— Electronic Engineering EE —— Electrical Engineering EECS —— Electrical Engineering and Computer Science IEEE —— Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( 美美国电气气和电子子工程师协会程师协会)) IEE —— Institute of Electrical Engineers (英国电机工程师学会) 天津大学电子信息工程学院 1 第一章 概 论 “电”的发展简史 The word electricityy was used byy Sir Thomas Browne ((1605-82)). Benjamin Franklin theorized that electricity was a fluid. Charles Coulomb proposed the laws of charge in 1785. Volt, a unit of potential energy, was named after Alessandro Volta (1745-1827). Electromagnetism was discovered in 1820 by Hans Oersted. TheThe ampereampere, aa unitunit ofof currentcurrent, waswas namednamed afterafter AndréAndré AmpèreAmpère. Ohm’s law, named after Georg Simon Ohm in 1826. The electronic agge stated in 1909, when Robert Millikan measured the chargge on an electron. The year 1904 saw the invention of the first vacuum tube by John Fleming. The first practical amplifier device, an audion, was built in 1907 by Lee de Forest. Digital computers got started in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. The transistor was developed in 1948 at Bell Labs. IntegratedIntegrated circuitscircuits camecame intointo beingbeing inin thethe earlyearly 1960s1960s. 天津大学电子信息工程学院 2 第一章 概 论 电子管时代 • 弗 莱 明 1904 真空二极管 • 德福雷斯特 1906 真空三极管 • 兹沃雷金兹沃雷金 电视电视 • 宾夕法尼亚大学 1946 计算机 晶体管时代晶体管时代 • 肖克莱 1947 发明晶体管 集成电路时代