内分泌调节讲解材料.pptVIP

生殖内分泌调节 内分泌与生殖;;Endocrine Glands;Endocrine Glands;Chemical Classification of Hormones;;Prohormones and Prehormones;Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation;Neural and Endocrine Regulation;Neuroendocrine 神经内分泌细胞;弥散的神经内分泌系统 （diffuse neuroendocrine system, DNES);Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis(下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴，HPG-Axis);Involves short feedback loop retrograde flow of blood and hormones back to hypothalamus inhibits secretion of releasing hormone Involves negative feedback of target gland hormones And during menstrual cycle, estrogen stimulates “LH surge” by positive feedback;Pituitary gland (Hypophysis 垂体) ;Anterior Pituitary Gland;Anterior Pituitary;Anterior pituitary cells and hormones;;Hypothalamus（下丘脑）;two types : Magnocellular(大细胞) and Parvicellular（小细胞） ;Characteristics of hypothalamic releasing hormones;Hypothalamic releasing hormones;Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH);睾丸功能的内分泌调节及年龄性变化;卵巢和子宫内膜周期性变化的神经内分泌调节;1 LH pulse/60 mins ;1 LH pulse/90 mins;Preovulatory GnRH/LH-Surge: However, as more estradiol is produced (see pre-ovulatory peak), a level is achieved that leads to a positive estradiol-induced feedback on the GnRH pulse generator and the surge release of LH and FSH and ovum release;The luteal phase: The empty follicle transformed into the corpus luteum. This becomes a rich source of progesterone (and some estradiol). This maintains pregnancy and together strongly negatively feeds back on the GnRH pulse generator.;Steroids act during different times of life;Steroid Feedback on GnRH neurons;Regulation of GnRH neurons;Tsutsui et al. J Neuroendocrinol. 2010; 22(7): 716–727.;Gonadotrophin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH);Effects of novel RFa peptide (GnIH) on the releases of LH, FSH, and PRL from anterior pituitary. GnIH significantly inhibited LH release in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. A similar inhibitory effect of GnIH on FSH release but not on PRL release was also detected.;the precise localization of GnIH