最基本句型及其转换.ppt

英语基本句型及其转换和扩大清水一中lxc 2014.3;一.概说; 当代有些语法书上在上述五种基本句型之外，再加两种，即； 主----动----状 和 主----动----宾----状 但是，大量出现还是前面五种。;英汉语序比较;英语动词的分类; 应当记住的24个特殊动词； 5个 连系动词：am ,is,are,was,were 6个 助动词：have,has,had,do,does,did 4个 作助动词和情态动词：shall(shan’t),will (won’t),should,would 9个情态动词：can(can’t),could, might, may, must,ought,need,dare,used 3.及物动词和不及物动词 4.短语动词 动词常和某些其他词类用在一起，构 成固定词组，形成所谓短语动词，可以作为一个 整体看待，也有及物与不及物之分。 5.瞬时性动词和延续性动词;句型1：主----动----补; 句型2的谓语动词是不及物动词，状语并非结构上不可或缺的成分。但是，在某种情况下，状语成分必不可少。 He lives in Shanghai. The train leaves at eight. ;句型3：主----动----宾; 句型3的谓语动词都是及物动词，这类动词后面只跟一个宾语，一般不需要状语成分即可表达完整意思，但在某些情况下，状语成分必不可少。 He put the vase on the table. Jim brought his suitcases upstairs. I’ll take Mary to the station. They treated him kindly.;句型4：主----动----宾----宾;句型5：主----动----宾----补;二.基本句型的转换;A.陈述句变疑问句;John will help you. Will John help you ? He has been waiting. Has she been waiting? What has she been doing? He speaks French. Does he speak French? What language does he speak? He went to England. Did he go to England? Where did he go?;B.肯定句变否定句;3.如果简单动词词组以主动词be或have为中心词，就在其后加not. She is a nurse. She isn’t a nurse. He has a book. He hasn’t a book. 4.如果否定词是never,hardly,seldom,rarely,就直接置于简单谓语动词之前。 He never speaks English. He hardly helped anybody. She seldom goes out. ;5.如果谓语动词以复杂动词词组构成，上述否定词，和not一样。 never hardly(ever) I have scarcely (ever) spoken to him. seldom rarely 6.若否定词是no,其位置在否定的名词之前。 John has no sister. There are no clouds in the sky. ; 7.如果否定词是 none,nobody,nothing, no one等，可用作主语或宾语。 I have spoken to nobody about you. No one will go. There is nobody there.;C.主动句变被动句;三.基本句型的扩大;A.扩大方式之一： 增加修饰语;1）句型1 A beautiful vase was for sale. The man got violently angry. The visitors from U.S.A. are ready to leav