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Learn More! Let’s use a Worked-Out Computational Problem from Chapter 5 (see p. 182) to practice figuring Z scores and raw scores from percentages. A test of sensitivity to violence is known to have a mean of 20, a standard deviation of 3, and to follow a normal curve. What is the minimum score someone needs to be in the top 75%? Next step Step 1: Draw a picture of the normal curve and shade in the appropriate area for your percentage using the 50%– 34%–14% percentages. The shading has to begin between the mean and 1 SD below the mean. (There are 50% above the mean and 84% above 1 SD but below the mean.) This is shown in the figure below. Previous step Next step Step 2: Make a rough estimate of the Z score where the shaded area starts. The Z score has to be between –1 and 0. Previous step Next step Step 3: Find the exact Z score using the normal curve table (including adding or subtracting 50% if necessary before looking it up). Since 50% of people have IQs above the mean, for the top 75% you need to include the 25% below the mean. Looking in the “% mean to Z” column of the normal curve table, the closest figure to 25% is 24.86, which goes with a Z score of .67. Since we are interested in below the mean, we want -.67 Previous step Next step Step 4: Check that your percentage is similar to your rough estimate from Step 2. -.67 is between 0 and –1. This is shown in the figure below. Previous step Next step Step 5: If you want to find a raw score, change it from the Z score. X = M + (Z)(SD) = 20 + (-.67)(3) = 20 – 2.01 = 17.99. This is shown in the figure below. That is, to be in the top 75%, a person would need to have a score on this test of at least 18. Previous step