令人畏惧的最小生物有机体-病毒-清华大学生命科学院.pdf

令人畏懼的最小生物有機體-病毒 清華大學生命科學系 殷献生 hsyin@.tw Virus in History Virology as a science is approx. 100 years old-but virus diseases have been known for millennia (大約在壹百年前病毒學被當作是一門科學，而病毒所引起 的疾病則在數千年前就已發生) In Latin virus= a poisonous malodorous substance (在拉丁文中，virus的意思為“ 有毒惡臭的物質 ＂) Mesopotamian laws concerning rabid dogs date from before 1,000 B.C. Rhabdoviridae The Birth of Virology Adolf Mayer (1876) took the sap( 汁液) from infected tobacco Plants and transmitted it to healthy plants- note isolation of the germ(細菌 ) was not achieved and Mayer considered his Experiment unsuccessful. Tobacco mosaic(菸草鑲崁) virus 1.RNA 2. capsomer 外套小體 3.capsid EM of TMV 蛋白衣( ) Dimitri Ivanovski (1892) first noted that the infection was not retained by a filter – again Ivanovski thought he was unsuccessful and blamed a cracked filter on his “failure” 感染源並不能被留在濾膜內，因此認為膜破了。實驗失敗 。 Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch (1897) observed that Foot and Mouth Disease (Picornavirus) was also filterable-the first animal virus口蹄疫病毒是第一個被發現能通過過濾膜的動物病毒 What is a virus? Serial transmission of TMV and FMD by diluted extracts provided that the virus was not a toxin 菸草鑲崁病毒與口蹄疫病毒稀釋萃取物仍然具有傳播性， 因此不是毒素所引起 。 Failure of the agents to propagate in solution, and dependence of host cells, showed they were distinct from bacteria. 在液體內無法增殖，必須依賴活細胞，因此與細菌的生存方式 不同。 What is a virus? The fundamental characteristic is their absolute dependent on a living host organism for reproduction- t