2009年河南专升本英语真题重难点解析.pptVIP

which 关系代词,在定语从句中做主语或宾语； where 关系副词，在定语从句中做状语。 试比较： The house which I visited ten years ago has been pulled down. The house where (=in which) I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. however adv. 然而，可是； conj.无论如何，不管怎样 作副词时，表示前后对比，可位于句首，句中或句末，并用逗号隔开。 作连词时，“however+ adj./adv.+主语+动词” 是常考句型，在此引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how。如： However?much?he?eats,?he?never gets fat.? However?hot it is,?he?will not take off his coat.? He?will never succeed,?however?hard?he?tries.? 1. 动词（find）+n.+ adj. + to do 此结构中，adj. 在句中做宾补，后接不定式 经常用主动形式表示被动意义. eg. They found the lecture hard to understand. I find him easy to get along with. He found this problem difficult to deal with. 注意：这里的n. 与不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 2. 在某些“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构中，其不定式通常也用主动形式表示被动意义： The question is difficult to answer. Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。 Do you think the water is safe to drink? 【注】这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, unpleasant 等。 1. “must have done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。eg. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 否定句一般用“can‘t have done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 ?2. “can have done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。? eg. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？? ?3. “could have done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来 能够做某事而没有做。 eg. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。?? ?4. “may have done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。? eg. —What has happened to George?? —I dont know. He may have got lost.? 5. “might have done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。?eg. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。? 6. “would have done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。?eg. I would have told you all about the boy‘s story, but you didn