化机专业英语翻译方法技巧20.ppt

专业英语;Ⅰ、科技英语句法特点、翻译技巧简介;2、运用被动语态句与形容词短语 习惯上用来引导从句的被动语态结构： It should be realized that …… 应该认识到…… It should be noted that …… 值得注意的是…… It must be noted that …… 必须看到（注意）… It can be expected that …… 可以预料…… It is felt that…… 我们认为…… It may be seen that …… 我们可以看出…… Attention is called to the fact that … 请注意这一事实…… ;3、运用从句和长句 （一）定语从句 关系代词（如whose, which, that, as等）或关系副词（如：when, where等）可视为定语从句与先行词之间的承接词，在定语从句中可作一个句子成分。例如： （1）Helical gears are commonly used in the machines where quiet, smooth operation is required. （where在定语从句中作状语）斜齿轮通常用在要求噪音小，运转平稳的机器中。 （2）The material of which the body is made is assumed to be homogeneous and continuous throughout the body.（which在定语从句中作介词宾语） 假设组成整个物体的材料是均匀连续的。;例句（1）The quality of high carbon steel can be increased by tempering.（被动语态） （2）Whenever work is being done, energy is being converted from one form into another. （被动语态） （3） Solids have a shape independent of the container.（形容词短语作后置定语 ） （4） A machine is a device for applying energy to do work in a way suitable for given purpose. （形容词短语作后置定语 ） （5） Another consideration important to stress analysis is the result of the elastic material.（形容词短语作后置定语 ） ;（3）It is possible to procure high-hot hardness steels such as M50, which have excellent fatigue properties at temperatures up to 500°F.（which引出非限定性定语从句） 有可能获及象M50这样的高强耐热钢，这类钢在500°F以上有极好的抗疲劳性能。 定语从句可分为限制性与非限制性两种，其中前者是先行词的不可缺少的定语，省去后影响主句意思的完整如例（1）（2）；后者是对先行词或主句的附加说明，一般用逗号与主句分开如例（3）。; （二）状语从句 专业英语文章中大量使用状语从句。常用关联词有： 时间：as, when, before, after, till (until), while, once, as soon as等； 地点：where, wherever等； 原因：as, because, since等； 结果：so (that), such…that等； 目的：in order that, so that, for fear (that)等； 方式：as, according as, as if, just as等； 比较：as…as, as…,so…，just as…，not so…as等； 让步：although, however, as, whether, even if等； 条件：as far as, as long as, if, on condition that, provided (providing), supposing that等。 ; 例如： 1、If nothing is known in advance about the