中学英语语法分类复习-定语从句.docVIP

十六. 定 语 从 句 一、定语从句的定义和结构 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词，充当定语的从句。被修饰的词叫先行词，引出从句的词叫关系词（分关系代词和关系副词）。 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who (宾格whom,所有格whose) I like the book that you lent to me. 我喜欢你借给我的那本书。 The boy that is standing near the door is my brother. 站在门边的那个男孩是我弟弟。 He is no longer the person that he used to be. 他不再是他过去的那个样子。 They planted the flowers which didnt need much water. The dictionary which my father bought for me is very useful to me. 我爸爸给我买的词典非常有用。 that, which指物时有时可互换（二者的区别见“定语从句注意事项”）。 3) who/whom的先行词是人。在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom。 The teacher who went to see me yesterday is Mr. Wang. The girl whom I talked with just now will go to Beijing. Mr. Read is the person to whom you should write. 4）whose的先行词可以是人也可是物。whose在从句中作定语。whose可用of which, of whom换用，不过of which和of whom除了表所属外还可以表示部分与整体的关系。 He is the boy whose father is a doctor. Do you know the owner of the house whose windows / the windows of which / of which the windows face south? Here are ten players, three of whom are from London. All the books, five of which are broken, have been put away. whose还可以与它修饰的词一起作介词宾语： The boss in whose department Mr. King worked called at the hospital. 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词：why, where, when（非正式用法中都可用that代替）。它们也可用介词 + which代替，关系副词在从句中都作状语。 1)why(=for which)的先行词只用the reason。why在从句中作原因状语。 I dont know the reason why (for which) he didnt come. ★当先行词为reason时，关系词若不在从句中作状语，就只能用that或which，而不是why。 （介词+ which） This is the school where we study every year. ★当先行词为时，关系词若不在从句中作状语，就只能用that或which，而不是wh。This is the school which we study in every day. This is the school that / which we visited yesterday. 3) when（介词+ which） Ill never forget the time when (during which) we worked on the farm. ★当先行词为时，关系词若不在从句中作状语，就只能用that或which，而不是。I still remember the day that / which is his birthday. 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1)限制性定语从句是对先行词作修饰或限制，缺少从句时句子意义不完整或失去意义。主从句关系十分密切，所以书写时不用逗号分开。 He is the man who came to see you yesterday. 2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加说明，主从句关系不十分密切，所以