欧洲文化入门考试大纲省纸版.docVIP

2010年10月欧洲文化入门考试大纲 Introduction Two major elements in European culture I．Greek Culture and Roman Culture 1．Greek Culture (1)The Historical Context war between Greece and Troy high point of development Alexander Alexandria (2)Social and Political Structure meaning of democracy meaning of people economy---slave labor sports and Olympics (3)Homer the time of Homer two epics the story of the two epics (5)Drama How were plays performed? (b)Sophocles his contribution and influence (d)Comedy Characteristics of comedy (6)History (a)Herodotus father of history—war between Greeks and Persians feature of his writing object in writing main idea of the excerpt (b)Thucydides what he wrote about． main idea of the excerpt (7)Philosophy and Science why philosophy developed in ancient Greece Pythagoras---founder of scientist mathematics Heraeleitue--the theory of the mingling of opposites--strife between the opposites producing harmony Democritus—atomic theory, materialist (P．27，第二段) (a)Socrates his life his method of argument trial and the reason last part of the speech before he died (main idea) (b)Plato his life his writing his philosophy-idealism (C)Aristotle his life the range of his writings his idealism difference between Plato and Aristotle (d)Contending Schools of Thought， the Cynics the Epicureans----their belief--misrepresentation the Stoics---their theory (e)Science contribution of philosophers like Plato Euclid—Elements Archimedes—his contribution application of science：five fields-acoustics, optics, geography, statics and astronomy. (8)Art，Architecture，Sculpture and Pottery (b)Architecture Parthenon three styles Acropolis at Athens (9)Impact (a)spirit of innovation (b)supreme achievement (e)Greek philosophy and its influence of Greek Literature 2．Roman Culture (1)Romans