2018版高中英语（人教版）必修2同步教师用书：Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar Writing.docVIP

Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing 现在完成时的被动语态 阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法 1．Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 2．I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told! 4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 一、现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？ The city has been swept through by heat wave recently. 最近炎热横扫了这座城市。 His work has not been finished. 他的工作尚未完成。 Have the new booking systems for tickets been used? 新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？ 二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法 1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since...，before...等连用。 The doctor hasnt been sent for yet. 还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。 The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点 1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。 The park was opened to the public last year. 去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been opened to the public. 这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了) 2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要更换动词或时态。 The work was finished two weeks ago. 这项工作在两周前已经完成。 The work has been finished. 这项工作已经完成。 3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。 It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The experiment ________(do) successfully. 2．Has his bike ________(repair)? 【导学号 3．Many new buildings ________(build) since 1980. 4．This book ________(translate) into many languages. 5．Our classroom ________(clean)，you neednt clean it now. 6．These flowers ________(water)，you can go home. 7．Not a book in the library ________(take) away. 8．The house ________(wash) away by the storm. 9．The computer ________(repair) for two day