2018版高中英语（人教版）选修6同步教师用书：Unit 1　Art Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing.docVIP

Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing 虚拟语气(Ⅰ) 阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法 1．If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 2．Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 3．There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might not exist. 一、动词的语气 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。英语中的动词在句中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1．陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两面性。 2．祈使语气 表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。 Please lend me your dictionary. 请把你的字典借给我用一下。 3．虚拟语气 用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种假设、愿望或建议等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 If I were a bird，I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 二、虚拟条件句的谓语形式 假设情况 if条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could＋动词原形 与将来事 实相反 ①过去式 ②should＋动词原形 ③were to＋动词原形 would/should/might/could＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had＋过去分词) would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词 If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you. 要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。 (与现在事实相反) If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反) If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out. 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。 (与将来事实相反) 三、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句 1．省略if形式的虚拟语气 在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。 Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。 Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter)，I wouldnt allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。 2．混合虚拟语气 若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。 If she had followed the doctors words，she would feel better now. 如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。 3．含蓄虚拟语气 有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...；连词but for，otherwise；or等中。 Without music(＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull. 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。 Im really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwise＝if I were not so busy) 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If you_