冷攀 外文翻译.doc

[edit] Identification of patients and hospital staff In July 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a ruling that essentially begins a final review process that will determine whether hospitals can use RFID systems to identify patients and/or permit relevant hospital staff to access medical records. Since then, a number of U.S. hospitals have begun implanting patients with RFID tags and using RFID systems, usually for workflow and inventory management.[79] There is some evidence, as well, that nurses and other hospital staff may be subjected to increased surveillance of their activities or to labor intensification as a result of the implementation of RFID systems in hospitals.[80] The use of RFID to prevent mixups between sperm and ova in IVF clinics is also being considered. 2004年7月，美国食品和药品管理部门发布了一条裁定，这个裁定即将开始最后的评论程序，其能否通过将决定着医院是否能用射频识别系统来确认患者身份及允许相关医院工作人员进行医疗记载。从此以后，一些美国医院开始将标签用于患者，主要用于工作流程和库存产品的管理。这儿也有一些例子，由于射频识别系统在医院的植入，使得护士和其他医院工作人员的活动更易于监督，或者说加强了劳动集约化。射频识别也正在被考虑用于试管受精诊所来阻止精子和卵子的混淆。 In October 2004, the FDA approved USAs first RFID chips that can be implanted in humans. The 134 kHz RFID chips, from VeriChip Corp. can incorporate personal medical information and could save lives and limit injuries from errors in medical treatments, according to the company. The FDA approval was disclosed during a conference call with investors. Shortly after the approval, authors and anti-RFID activists Katherine Albrecht and Liz McIntyre discovered an FDA Warning Letter that spelled out serious health risks associated with the VeriChip. According to the FDA, these include adverse tissue reaction, migration of the implanted transponder, failure of implanted transponder, electrical hazards and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] incompatibility. 2004年10月， St. Clair Hospital in Pittsburgh has deployed an RFID and barcode based bedside medication verification system that improves patient safety by reducing medication errors. Nurses use a PDA equipped with a portable RF