2017年高中英语人教版选修10课件： Unit5 Grammar .pptVIP

Unit5 Enjoying Novels Grammar 独立主格的构成 独立主格结构的构成方式：名词普通格式或代词主格 + 现在分词/ 过去分词/ 不定式/名词/形容词/副词/ 介词短语等 n/p + V-ing V-ed to do n. adj. adv. prep. phrase 1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同， 它独立存在。 2. 名词和代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式, 介词等是主谓关系。 3. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4. 使用独立主格结构是因为出现了与句子主语不一致 的地方。 独立主格的特点： （1）名词或代词+现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。 The man lay there, his hands trembling. 有时现在分词being 或having been 在独立结构中可以 省略。如： The weather (being) fine, we decided to go on an outing. (2) 名词（或代词）+ 过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作 The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head. (3) 名词或代词+ 形容词（短语） 形容词（短语）在独立结构中说明前面名词或代词 的性质，状态等。 The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while. (4) 名词或代词+ 副词 副词在独立结构中也是说明名词或代词的状态。 The meeting over, we all went home. (5）名词或代词+介词短语 The teacher came in, a book in his hand. (6) 名词或代词+ 不定式（短语） 不定式表示将来的动作。 He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. (7) 有时独立主格结构中名词前的定语可以省略。 The boy sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed/ (a) book in (his) hand. 独立结构的作用： 1 . 作状语 （1) 表示时间 Her homework hone( After her homework was done), Mary decided to go shopping. (2) 表原因 There being no buses, (Because there were no buses), we had to walk home. (3) 表条件 Weather permitting(If weather prmit), we’ll go to play basketball. (4) 表示方式或伴随 He sat at the table, head down. 2. 作同位语 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. 3. 作定语 Close to the bank, we saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 4. With 的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 其结构 为：with + 名词或代词+ 现在分词/过去分词/形容词 /副词/ 不定式/介词短语 He stood there, his hand raised. =He stood there, with his hand raised. 他站在那里，举着手。