数学专业英语(吴炯圻-第2版)2-1方案策划.ppt

第二章 精读课文——入门必修;;Requirements:;New Words Expressions: algebra 代数学 geometrical 几何的 algebraic 代数的 identity 恒等式 arithmetic 算术, 算术的 measure 测量，测度 axiom 公理 numerical 数值的, 数字的 conception 概念，观点 operation 运算 constant 常数 postulate 公设 logical deduction 逻辑推理 proposition 命题 division 除，除法 subtraction 减，减法 formula 公式 term 项，术语 trigonometry 三角学 variable 变化的，变量;Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches.;From the early need of man came the concepts of numbers and forms. Then, geometry developed out of problems of measuring land , and trigonometry came from problems of surveying. To deal with some more complex practical problems, man established and then solved equation with unknown numbers , thus algebra occurred. ;The rapid development of industry in 17th century promoted the progress of economics and technology and required dealing with variable quantities. The leap from constants to variable quantities brought about two new branches of mathematics----analytic geometry and calculus, which belong to the higher mathematics.;Mathematicians study conceptions and propositions, Axioms, postulates, definitions and theorems are all propositions. Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often.;回顾： 1. 如果没有运用数学， 任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常的发展 。 2. 符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 ;An equation is a statement of the equality between two equal numbers or number symbols.;An identity involving letters is true for any set of numerical values of the letters in it.;A root of an equation is any number or number symbol which satisfies the equation. To obtain the root or roots of an equation is called solving an equation.;To solve an equation means to find the value of t