Propagation of ionizing radiation in HII regions The effects of 电离辐射在HII区传播的影响.ppt

Propagation of ionizing radiation in HII regions:The effects of optically thick density fluctuations C. Giammanco, J. E. Beckman, A. Zurita, and M. Rela?o AA 424, 877–885 (2004) Reporter: jinjuan liu 2004.11.10 introduction Classical Str?mgren sphere structure:(by Str?mgren (1948).) radiation from the central ionizing stars ionizes material within a given radial distance and is effectively fully absorbed introduction FF model (by Osterbrock Flather (1959)) a fraction of the total volume of an HII?? region is relatively dense gas----filling factor the dense clumps are small, optically thin, fully ionized. Clumpy model we believe Clumps: optical depth is high. Here Trapero et al. (1992, 1993) found that more than half the mass of the ISM within 300 pc of the Sun is in the form of dense (~100 cm-3) compact clouds with characteristic sizes of order a few parsecs The transfer properties of an HII?? region with a clumpy structure in which there is a clear phase separation are different from those of a traditionally modelled clumpy ------difference we explore here. Formulae Clumps: uniform spheres, with a characteristic size d and a cross-section for radiation interception R: the distance between the clump and the centre : the fraction of the ionization intercepted by the clump n: Number density of clumps Thus ? Clumps intercept a fraction of the radiation = ?f The probability e for a photon to escape from the region is given by Quantitative relations associated with the filling factor For spherical clumps of radius r For Geometrical filling factor : the fraction of the total volume of the HII region occupied by the clumps With filling factors of dense gas in HII region: In general Calculations using FF and clumpy models generated specific models to compute line strengths and ratios rely on the CLOUDY suite of programs For the FF models: generated a tr