NOIE Constraints on Innovation - Roger Clarkes Home-Page噪音限制创新-罗杰克拉克的主页.ppt

Internet-Induced Constraints on Freedoms:The Implications for Innovation Roger Clarke, Xamax Consultancy, CanberraVisiting Fellow, Dept of Computer Science, ANU .au/people/Roger.Clarke/....../II/NOIE020709.pptNational Office for the Information EconomyCanberra, 9 July 2002 Internet-Induced Constraints on Freedoms:The Implications for InnovationAgenda The Digital Era Its Impacts Freedom of Access to Information The New Dark Ages The Process of Innovation Constraints on Innovation Access to Information Copyright Patent Information Objects ‘Then’ (early 1990s) Tangible things (books, journal issues, photos, vinyl LPs, audio-tapes, microfilm, video-tapes, cassettes, diskettes, CD-ROMs, games-cartridges) A person bought, rented, borrowed or visited a tangible thing, or gained admission to a location where it was reproduced, performed or played The person had no need for a copyright licence Replication was expensive, required infrastructure Copies were accessible by one person at a time Information Objects in the Digital Era convenient and inexpensive Creation desktop publishing packages, PC-based graphic design tools, animation, digital music generators Conversion of existing materials scanners, OCR, digital cameras, digital audio-recording near-costless Replication disk-to-disk copying, screen-grabbers, CD-burners as a consumer appliance Information Objects in the Digital Era very rapid Transmission, unmeasurably low costs modem-to-modem transmission, CD-ROMs in the mail, emailed attachments, FTP-download, web-download inexpensive and widespread Access PCs, PDAs, mobile phones, public kiosks, web-enabled TV in the workplace, the home, public kiosks, Internet cafes computer-based Analysis of data data-matching, profiling, data-mining, pattern-recognition software convenient Manipulation of data-objects word-processors, sound and image processing tools Defining Aphorisms of CyberspaceThe New Yorker5 July 1993 Defining Aphorisms of Cyberspace On