13 – Reaction Mechanisms - Science at St Dominics：13–反应机制，在圣Dominics科学.ppt

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13 – Reaction Mechanisms - Science at St Dominics：13–反应机制，在圣Dominics科学.ppt

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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * C H H C H H Cl Cl Region of high electron density (negative charge) The nonpolar chlorine molecule becomes polarised on approach to the double bond A pair of electrons moves out from the double bond to form a covalent bond with one of the chlorines Ethene 1, 2 - dichloroethane formed How do we represent this on paper? C H H C H H Ethene Cl Cl ?+ Cl Cl ?- 1, 2 - dichloroethane formed Addition of Bromine C C H H H H Ethene Br2 Bromine C H H Br C H Br H 1, 2 - dibromoethane Industrially Important As 1, 2 – dibromoethane is used to prevent lead accumulating in car engines C H H C H H Br Br Region of high electron density (negative charge) The nonpolar bromine molecule becomes polarised on approach to the double bond A pair of electrons moves out from the double bond to form a covalent bond with one of the bromine atoms Ethene 1, 2 - dibromoethane formed 2006 Q. 9(c) (9) How do we represent this on paper? C H H C H H Ethene Br Br ?+ Br Br ?- 1, 2 - dibromoethane formed 2003 Q. 6(e) (6) 2006 Q. 9(c) (6) C H H C H H Ethene Br Br ?+ Br v Br ?- 1, 2 - dibromoethane formed Cl Bromine salt water is a source of Cl- ions Cl 1-bromo-2-chloroethane formed OH Bromine salt water is a source of OH- ions OH 2-bromoethanol formed * * * * By looking at the reactants and seeing what products we get we can find out about what may have happened during the reaction? * In physics, a photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field and the basic unit of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. n 1900, Max Planck was working on black-body radiation and suggested that the energy in electromagnetic waves could only be released in packets of energy; he called these quanta (singular quantum). Later, in 1905 Albert Einstein went further by suggesting that EM waves could only exist in these discrete wave-packets.[2] He called such a wave-packet the light quantum (German: das Lichtquant). The name photon derives from the Greek wo