EQUATIONS AND RATES OF TEACTION：方程和利率的反应.ppt

C1: Carbon Chemistry Part I Spaced Learning Revision Lesson Chemists use formula to show: the different elements in a compound. the number of particles of each element in a substance. eg. NaCl CH4 Writing word equations what we start with Take care!! If asked to give 2 methods make sure you pick totally different ones oven = baking = roasting toasting = grilling boiling = poaching Why do we cook food? To improve the taste To improve the texture To improve the look To kill harmful microbes To make it easier to digest. When sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated it decomposes. This means it breaks down into simpler substances. Food Additives What Makes a Good Perfume? Making Perfumes - Esterification To make a perfume a chemical called an ester is made. An alcohol mixed with an acid makes an ester. Alcohol + Acid Ester + Water Volatility We can smell an ester because particles leave the ester, diffuse through the air and stimulate sensors in our nose. The volatility (ease of evaporation) of perfumes (esters) can be explained using ideas about moving particles. Explaining why Solvents Work Water does not dissolve nail varnish. This is because the force of attraction between two water molecules is stronger than that between a water molecule and a molecule of nail varnish. Animal Testing Cosmetics must be thoroughly tested to ensure that they are safe to use to avoid humans having unpleasant or even worse, deadly side effects. Two advantages of testing cosmetics on animals:- better than testing on humans as their shorter lifespan allows results to be found in a shorter time animals have similar reactions to humans Animal Testing 2 disadvantages of testing cosmetics on animals animals have no say in whether they take part yet have as much right to life an animal’s response to a drug can be different to a humans Make sure if giving a ‘for’ and