Vectors - Alford Academy载体-奥尔福德学院.ppt

Vectors The Zero Vector Subtraction of Vectors Multiplication by a scalar Unit Vectors Position Vectors Collinearity Section Formula 3 Dimensional Vectors 3D Unit Vectors Properties of 3D vectors The Scalar Product Component Form of a Scalar Product Angle between vectors Other Vector Facts * Vectors are represented by a directed line segment its length representing the magnitude and an arrow indicating the direction A B or u u This vector is named v = = = -v = w = = = -w = These are also known as COLUMN VECTORS C D v E F w C D v E F w v = = This is also known as the components of v Q P a b It can be calculated using Pythagoras Example If Vectors are only equal if they have the same magnitude and direction. Equal Vectors a b c d For vectors and For vectors and Addition Of Vectors = = i) Find the components of = = is called the zero vector written 0 If find the components of Page 236 Exercise 13D questions 1 to 3 For any vector v there exists a parallel vector u of magnitude 1 unit. This is called a Unit Vector. i.e. Find the components of the unit vector u parallel to vector Since the magnitude of v is 5, the unit vector u must be 1/5 v If P and Q have coordinates (4,8) and (2,3) find the components of We have seen that if a vector v = ku then v must be parallel to u. If vectors v and u also have a point in common then because they are parallel they must lie on the same line so by definition must be collinear. Prove that the points A(2,4), B(8,6) and C(11,7) are collinear. B is a point in common to both AB and BC so A, B and C are collinear If p is the position vector of the point P that divides AB in the ratio m:n then: A B P m n A and B have coordinates (3,2) and (7,14) respectively. Find the coordinates of the point P that divides AB in the ratio 1:3 1. Draw a quick sketch (3,2) (7,14) P 1 3 x y z A The point A has a position relative to the x y and z axis 3 4 6 A(3, 4, 6) Find the coordinates of P y x z P 4 2 1 P(4, 2, 1) O Find t