Exposure - UW Courses Web Server暴露-威斯康星大学课程的Web服务器.ppt

Review Day The Last Day Topics Covered Behavioral Therapy What is my approach to personality? Evaluating the Effectiveness of different types of therapy Systematic Desensitization For phobias Train clients in relaxation technique Increasingly fearful mental images while relaxing New association:Fearful object with relaxation Systematic Desensitization For Addiction Relaxation technique aimed at reducing CRAVING Hierarchy of craving-inducing stimuli, from scenes that provoke mild CRAVING to those that provoke extreme CRAVING Patient is told to vividly imagine being in particular CRAVING-inducing situations, starting with least extreme. Patient relaxes during the imagery Slowly (across sessions) the patient imagines more and more stressful situations. Exposure Instead of counter-conditioning, exposure operates based on extinction For people who have phobia because of one-time conditioning Example: Bitten by dog, fear of dogs Exposure to CS (dogs) without UCS (bite/pain) Slowly expose to dogs, step-by-step Use of virtual reality What is my approach? Need four volunteers Difficulties in assessment Client perceptions Spontaneous recovery Need to see benefits Positive Bias Caution: Nothing works for everyone Evaluating: Methods Randomized Control What to use as placebo? Controlling therapists: Manual delivery (APA) Observers/experimenters are blind to treatment condition Follow-up is encouraged Evaluating: Methods Randomized Control What to use as placebo? Controlling therapists: Manual delivery (APA) Observers/experimenters are blind to treatment condition Follow-up is encouraged Meta-Analysis Smith et al (1980): 475 studies: Average individual who received therapy is better of than 80% of those not receiving therapy NIMH study, 239 depressed clients Experimental (3): Received cognitive, interpersonal therapy, or a drug treatment Control: inert meds and “supportive attention.” 50% in exp. conditions showed improvementonly 29% in the control group ESTs Emp