Expansion Slots and Cards - Rhodes University扩展插槽和卡-罗德斯大学.pptVIP

Cs101 - Theory 7 Topics of Discussion System Unit continues… Memory. Expansion cards and slots. Types of connectors. Buses. Memory Holds data and program instructions. Also called primary storage. Size of memory is measured by the number of bytes available for use. A kilobyte (KB or K) is exactly 1024 bytes but often rounded down to 1000 bytes. A megabytes is approximately 1million bytes. Memory Types RAM (Random Access Memory) Virtual memory CMOS ROM (Read-Only Memory) RAM Temporarily holds data before and after it is processed. Microscopic electronic parts called capacitors hold electrical signals for ASCII or binary code. A charged capacitor is “on”, a discharged capacitor is “off”. RAM RAM is volatile, meaning if the power goes off all data stored is instantly and permanently lost. Types of RAM: DRAM (Dynamic RAM) SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) SRAM (Static RAM) DRAM Most common type of RAM. Type of memory that must be re-energized constantly or it loses its contents. Newer type of DRAM is SDRAM, which is much faster because it is synchronized to the system clock. SDRAM common in most PC’s. SRAM Much faster an reliable than any form of DRAM. Does not have to be re-energized as often as DRAM. Specialized usage as cost much more than DRAM. RAM Chips Usually packaged on a small circuit board that is inserted into the motherboard. Single In-line Memory Module (SIMM) only has RAM chips in one side. Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM) has RAM chips on both sides. Virtual Memory Computer’s hard disc used as an extension of RAM. Allows computers without enough real memory to run large programs. Not as fast as RAM because the data has to be retrieved from a hard disc which is a mechanical device. ROM Data/instructions in ROM are permanent (non-volatile) and cannot be changed. Contains the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). BIOS instructions tell the computer to search the hard disc for the main operating system files, which are then loaded into RAM. CMOS CMOS (Complementary Meta