Development of the Embryo胚胎的发育.ppt

Pregnancy Development of the Embryo Differentiation of the embryo occurs soon after fertilization Tissues placenta fetus Cells multiply (morula) as they travel through the fallopian tube Soon, implantation is required for the zygote to obtain sufficient O2 and nutrients Nidation/Implantation Chorionic villi -finger-like extensions surrounding the trophoblast erode through the endometrium (now called the decidua) destroy the glands and stroma leaving only the arteries and veins Nidation/Implantation Anchoring villi attach themselves to the decidua form a sealed sinusoid which is filled with endometrial blood Terminal (or true) villi float freely to absorb nutrients in the blood for the growing cellular mass Decidua Capsularis covers the embryo and becomes a layer of the amniotic sac Decidua Basalis is where the attachment started and it will become the placenta attachment area The rest of the intrauterine lining that is left is the Decidua Vera The area of the sinusoid becomes the Chorion Frondosum, which is just another name for placenta Placenta A round disc-shaped tissue 2 to 3 cm in thickness at the umbilical cord attachment Placenta Four major pacental functions: Respiratory – transport of O2 and CO2 (diffusion) Excretory – transfer of waste molecules (urea, etc.) Nutritional – transport of glucose Endocrine – production of hormones replaces the production from ovaries, corpus luteum of pregnancy pituitary Estrogen Progesterone HCG HCS Etc. Side Note The change over to placental hormone production occurs between the 8th and 12th week of pregnancy This is a serious period of concern for the growing fetus… “testing period” for fetal viability Spontaneous Abortion Multiple testing periods abnormal development of the fetus inability to produce proper hormones lack of proper nutrients to support life may cause the fetal tissue to die and be expelled Umbilical Cord – baby’s lifeline To