Applications of the integral的积分的应用.pptVIP

Applications of Integration Areas between curves Integrating differential equations Cumulative change Average value Mean value theorem for integrals Volumes Area between curves Easy case: Examples As a first step, make sure to draw picture! Find the areas of the regions bounded by the lines and curves below: Positions Velocity by Integration Recall Example Find the position of a particle that is moving along a coordinate line with velocity v(t) = cos t + t2 assuming that its position at time t=0 is s=3. Motion with uniform acceleration Assume that a(t) = a, s(0) = s0 , v(0) = v0 Integrate to find v(t) Integrate to find s(t) Conclusion: Under the above assumptions Example Laura is riding on a trolley that has stopped to pick up riders, and Dr. Zhivago is running at a constant velocity of 5 m/s to catch it. When he is 12.5 m behind the front door the trolley pulls away with a constant acceleration of 1 m/sec2. From that point in time, how long will it take for Dr. Zhivago to reach the front door if he keeps running with this velocity? Population Equation Cumulative Change Consider population N(t), t ? 0, dynamics given by the initial value problem dN/dt = f(t), with N(0) = N0 Examples Average value The average value of f on [a,b] is Average Velocity Explain why the following formula for the average velocity over [t0 , t1] holds: Mean value theorem for integrals Average values of continuous functions are always attained: Why true? Know that f(x) attains extreme values m and M on [a,b]. Then m ? f(x) ? M (and two values attained) m? (b – a)-1 ?ab f(x)dx ? M Since f takes on all values between m and M, there must be a c in [a,b] so that f(c) = (b – a)-1 ?ab f(x)dx Examples Find the average value of f(x) = x5 on the interval [-2, 2], and determine the points c where f(c) is equal to the average value. Suppose that the temperature T varies over a 24-hour period, according to  T(t)= 68 + 10 sin(?t/12), 0 ? t ? 24 Graph the temperature