NRDC浅析坚强智能电网及其在中美两国减排温室气体的潜力.pdf

NRDC WHITE PAPER A Primer on the (Strong) Smart Grid and its Potential for Reducing GHG Emissions in China and the United States Adrian Lu Natural Resources Defense Council October 2010 THIS NRDC WHITE PAPER IS SUBJECT TO REVISION PRIOR TO FINAL PUBLICATION NRDC White Paper – A Primer on the (Strong) Smart Grid Introduction In both China and the United States, the power sector is a dominant source of fossil-fuel combustion and greenhouse gas emissions.1 Decarbonizing the power sector by both reducing the use of fossil fuels (particularly coal) and using them more efficiently, as well as integrating greater amounts of renewable, low-carbon energy sources like wind and solar, is an essential measure for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In order to do this, both countries will need to develop and build an updated electricity transmission infrastructure—a so-called smart grid—that can serve as a more sophisticated and intuitive framework for transmitting and using electricity more efficiently. But what exactly constitutes a smart grid, and what are the concrete mechanisms by which it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)? The purpose of this document is to answer those questions. It is important to note here, however, that the concept of smart grid in most of the world, including the United States, differs significantly from the term strong, smart grid (坚强智能电网) being promoted in China. In most of the world, smart grid refers only to the communications and information technologies that will enhance the use and delivery of electricity. In China, the emphasis on a strong grid reflects China’s focus on developing and maintaining a stable power supply and includes its plans to build thousands of kilometers of ultra-high voltage2 (UHV) transmission lines in the next 10 years to connect the coal, wind, hydro and solar-rich west with the high-demand east. Because the strong conce