南南合作下的技能转移新模式让人人用得起新能源.ppt

Climate Change Scenarios应对气候变化的远景 Three Challenges of the Third World第三世界面临三个挑战 Challenge of Subsistence 生存挑战 - hunger, malaria, displaced 饥饿、疾病、流离失所 Challenge of Development 发展挑战 - sanitation, education, access to clean water, electricity 教育、卫生设施、通水电 Challenge of Climate Change 气候变化挑战 - extreme weathers (drought, flooding) 极端气候（干旱、洪涝） Three Worlds within the Third World第三世界中有三个世界 World of Subsistence 生存世界 - Low Income Economies 低收入国家 ($1000/capita) World in Development 发展世界 - Lower-Middle-Income Economies 中低收入国家 ($1000-$4000/capita) World of Nouveau Riche 新富世界 - Upper-Middle-Income Economies 中高收入国家 ($4000-$12,000) Electricity vs Human Development Index用电与人类发展指数的关系 Electricity for all, but how? Most of the people without access to electricity are poor (low affordability) Most of the people without electricity are in remote areas, far from electricity grid, therefore grid based electrification is expensive，uneconomical So what is the solution to ensure electricity for all? How about renewable energy? Example: Pangan-An Solar Plant in the Philippines Total investment Euro 0.5 million, available energy 87 KWh/day for 250 households If replacement costs for solar modules (Peso 9 million - 25 years), batteries (Peso 3 million - 10 years), inverters (Peso 2 million - 10 years) are included, the unit selling price Peso 50/kwh. Current tariff: Minimum charge Peso 120/month for 9 kwh; Peso 30/kwh for extra consumption Need Peso 70,000/month to be sustainable (Peso 20,000 for OM; Peso 50,000 for replacement); actual Collection Peso 30,000/month Only about 130 households are connected; Average household consumption 2.7kwh/month (1.2kwh only if public uses excluded). Solar FIT in Europe 2004-2010average FIT in 2010 is around Euro 0.40/kWh Source: IHS Emerging Energy Research,?Europe Solar PV?Markets and Strategies: 2010-2025 Carbon price is unlikely to cover the extra cost… Most of Innovation and Invention are owned by de