5国际贸易法之买卖合同法.ppt

违约及救济措施 根本违约、预期违约 两大法系对实际履行和损害赔偿的适用 买卖双方共有的救济方式： 宣告合同无效、损害赔偿、要求实际履行 卖方的救济方式：自行订明货物规格 买方的救济方式：减价 违约金 Fundamental breach of contract A breach of contract committed by one of the parties to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result. 根本违约续 根本违约构成： 不依约履行构成根本违约、迟延履行经催告构成根本违约、预期违约中的根本违约、分批交货中的根本违约 根本违约是《公约》的创造，其法律后果是宣告合同无效。 宣告合同无效必须向对方通知，方始有效。 根本违约 美国公司甲从外国公司乙进口一批冻火鸡，供应圣诞节市场。合同规定卖方应在9月底前装船，但卖方直到10月底才装船。甲主张撤销合同，并拒收货物。请问，甲有无这项权利？为什么？ 分析 在《公约》体制下，撤销合同，即宣告合同无效是与根本违约紧密联系的，而《公约》对根本违约的界定见于25条。 对是否构成根本违约，守约方有判断选择权，并应及时通知违约方，26条。 本案中时间不是根本决定因素，而视是否实质剥夺了买方在合同项下的利益而定。 Anticipatory breach A party may suspend the performance of his obligations if, after the conclusion of the contract, it becomes apparent that the other party will not perform a substantial part of his obligations as a result of: (a) a serious deficiency in his ability of perform or in his creditworthiness; or (b) his conduct in preparing to perform or in performing the contract. （Art.71（1）） A party suspending performance must immediately give notice of the suspension to the other party and must continue with performance if the other party provides adequate assurance of his performance. （Art.71（3）） Anticipatory breach can be and usually be fundamental breach. Remedies for breach of contract The concept of remedy（救济） Remedies are the legal assistance given by the court to one party( innocent party守约方 or aggrieved party受害方 ) in the situation where the contract is breached by other party (breaching party or party in breach 违约方) Remedies for breach of contract Types of remedies: 1. Damages；（损害赔偿） 2.specific performance;（依约实际履行合同） 3.injunction;（不得做某事的禁令） 4. Rescission（撤约） CISG下的救济方式 一、卖方违反合同时适用于买方的救济方式 1 要求实际履行 46条第1款 交付替代物 46条第2款 修理 46条第3款 减价 50条 宣告合同无效 49条 损害赔偿 二、买方违反合同时适用于卖方的