考虑可变比值分批交货两层级供应链之最佳物流及存货策略.pdf

2006 第 10 屆科際整合管理研討會 回主目錄 MAY 27, pp362~371 考慮可變比值分批交貨兩層級供應鏈之最佳物流及存貨策略 蕭裕正 郭惠煌 林台岳 德明技術學院 物流管理系 華夏技術學院 電機工程系 德明技術學院 企業管理系 摘要 大多數的經濟生產批量模式在批量生產完成後，才一次交貨給下一層級，供應鏈中各 層級所貯存的原料、在製品與成品為數不少，整體供應鏈的製造週期亦為可觀，若改為以 分批量交貨，存貨與製造週期的降低足以彌補運輸成本的增加，而使總成本下降。本研究 係針對兩層級供應鏈，於訂購批量已知機率性需求的情況下，假設前置時間與製造批量成 正比，允許分批交貨以縮短前置時間，同時考慮不同幾何數列之比值的情況下，為維持一 定的服務水準，需要適當的安全存量，缺貨發生時，消費者接受欠撥，但銷售商須付出額 外的欠撥成本。依前述之條件，建構物流及存貨模式，並求其最佳交貨分批數及安全存量。 關鍵詞：供應鏈、前置時間、物流、存貨、可變比值 Optimal logistic and inventory policies of two-stage supply chain with variable ratio of batch shipment consideration Abstract In typical models for determining the economic production quantity (EPQ), the supplier produces and transports a single lot product to the customer. Therefore the inventory of the material, work in process and the final product shall cost a lot. In order to decrease inventory level, partial lots (batches) can be transported to the customer. Moreover, the lead time can be declined. For a known lot size, the inventory level and the expected stock-out decrease as the number of batches increases. On the contrary, the safety stock and the associated transportation cost inevitably increase. Therefore, a decision on the number of batches is a tradeoff between the holding cost, stock-out cost and transportation cost. This study established a logistic and inventory mode with variable ratio of geometric series batch shipment consideration. Then the optimal number of batches and the safety stock are solved. Keywords: Supply chain; Lead time; Logistic; Inventory; variable ratio. -362- 考慮可變比值分批交貨兩層級供應鏈之最佳物流及存貨策略