Atomic Diffusion and Defects原子的扩散与缺陷.pptVIP

* Example: Comparing Diffuse in Fe Is C in fcc Fe diffusing faster than C in bcc Fe? (Table 6.2) fcc-Fe: D0=2.3x10–5(m2/2) Q=1.53 eV/atom T = 900 C D=5.9x10–12(m2/2) bcc-Fe: D0=6.2x10–7(m2/2) Q=0.83 eV/atom T = 900 C D=1.7x10–10(m2/2) ? FCC Fe has both higher activation energy Q and D0 (holes larger in FCC). BCC and FCC phase exist over limited range of T (at varying %C). Hence, at same T, BCC diffuses faster due to lower Q. Cannot always have the phase that you want at the %C and T you want! which is why this is all important. 1000 K/T D (m2/s) C in a-Fe C in g-Fe Al in Al Fe in a-Fe Fe in g-Fe 0.5 1.0 1.5 10-20 10-14 10-8 T(?C) 1500 1000 600 300 * Connecting Holes, Diffusion, and Stress FCC represented as a BCT cell, with relevant holes. Red octahedral fcc Green + Red octahedral bcc z-axis * Other Types of Diffusion (Beside Atomic) Flux is general concept: e.g. charges, phonons,… Charge Flux – e = electric chg. N = net # e- cross A N = # of phonons with avg. energy ? Heat Flux – (by phonons) Defining thermal conductivity ? (a material property) Solution: Fick’s 2nd Law Defining conductivity ? (a material property) Solution: Fick’s 2nd Law Ohm’s Law Or w/ Thermal Diffusivity: * Inter-diffusion (diffusion couples) Assuming DA = DB: C0 = (C1+C2)/2 Curve is symmetric about C0, C1 C2 interface C0 * Kirkendall Effect: What if DA DB? Kirkendall studied Mo markers in Cu-brass (i.e., fcc Cu70Zn30). Symmetry is lost: Zn atoms move more readily in one direction (to the right) than Cu atoms move in the other (to the left). When diffusion is asymmetric, interface moves away markers, i.e., there is a net flow of atoms to the right past the markers. Analyzing movement of markers determines DZn and DCu. Kirkendall effect driven by vacancies, effective for T 0.5 Tmelt. Mo wire markers Cu Cu70Zn30 Cu Zn concentration t = 0 After diffusion * Diffusion in Compounds: Ionic Conductors Unlike