Solid Waste Management and Disposal固体废物管理与处置.pptVIP

Solid Waste Management and Disposal Chapter 18 Chapter Outline Disposable Decades Waste Disposal Methods Landfilling Incineration Composting Source Reduction Recycling Introduction to Waste Management Solid Waste is generally made of objects or particles that accumulate on the site where they are produced. Municipal Solid Waste amounts to 230 million tons annually. Disposable Decades In mid-1950s, a disposable lifestyle was marketed as the wave of the future, and as a way to reduce household duties. Consumerism began in earnest following WWII. Convenience was sold to prosperous post-war consumers. Convenience quickly changed to necessity. TV dinners first marketed in 1953. Nature of the Problem Garbage = Municipal Solid Waste. U.S. volume has increased more than 50% since 1960. MDCs have a higher standard of living, and thus produce more waste. Traditional Methods (dumping and burning) are no longer accepted. Waste Generation and Lifestyle Methods of Waste Disposal Landfilling Municipal landfill typically a depression in impermeable clay layer, lined with impermeable membrane. Traditionally been primary method of waste disposal: cheap and convenient. Large landfills often employ methane gas and leachate detection systems. In some cases, methane collected and used to generate electricity. Landfilling Currently, vast majority of North American municipal solid waste is deposited in landfills. Number of landfills is declining. New landfills often resisted due to public concerns over groundwater contamination, odors, and truck traffic. Due to tight, anaerobic conditions, biological decay in modern landfills is retarded. Reducing the Number of Landfills Incineration Prior to 1940, incineration was common in North America and western Europe. Many incinerators were eliminated because of aesthetic concerns. Currently, about 15% of U.S. municipal solid waste is incinerated. Derived heat often used for electrical generation. Mass Burn Incineration Incinerators drastically