15-441 Lecture15-441讲座.pptVIP

Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Prune G G S Prune (s,g) Prune (s,g) G Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Graft (s,g) Graft (s,g) Graft G G S G G Report (g) Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Steady State G G S G G Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Overview IP Multicast Service Basics Host/Router Interaction MOSPF/DVMRP Overlay Multicast Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Failure of IP Multicast Not widely deployed even after 15 years! Use carefully – e.g., on LAN or campus, rarely over WAN Various failings Scalability of routing protocols Hard to manage Hard to implement TCP equivalent Hard to get applications to use IP Multicast without existing wide deployment Hard to get router vendors to support functionality and hard to get ISPs to configure routers to enable Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Supporting Multicast on the Internet IP Application Internet architecture Network ? ? At which layer should multicast be implemented? Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * IP Multicast CMU Berkeley MIT UCSD routers end systems multicast flow Highly efficient Good delay Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * End System Multicast MIT1 MIT2 CMU1 CMU2 UCSD MIT1 MIT2 CMU2 Overlay Tree Berkeley CMU1 CMU Berkeley MIT UCSD Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Quick deployment All multicast state in end systems Computation at forwarding points simplifies support for higher level functionality Potential Benefits Over IP Multicast MIT1 MIT2 CMU1 CMU2 CMU Berkeley MIT UCSD Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Concerns with End System Multicast Self-organize recipients into multicast delivery overlay tree Must be closely matched to real network topology to be efficient Performance concerns compared to IP Multicast Increase in delay Bandwidth waste (packet duplication) Penalty can be kept small in practice MIT2 Berkeley MIT1 UCSD CMU2 CMU1 IP Multicast MIT2 Berkeley MIT1 CMU1 CMU2 UCSD End System Multicast Lecture 11: 10-3-2006 * Important Concepts Multicast provides support for efficient data delivery to multiple recipients Requirements for IP Multicast routing Keeping track of interested