Turbine Blades：.pptVIP

Turbine Blades Terry Andersen Nathan Stastny ME 372 Brigham Young University Fall 2001 Overview Applications Design Considerations Material Considerations Manufacturing Processes Review Questions Applications Gas Turbine Generators Jet Engines Rolls Royce Design Considerations Geometry Cooling Vanes Attachment Interface Safety Factors Geometry Strength / Fatigue Life Each row will be different Air Flow (CFD Package) Machineability Cooling Vanes Blades must be kept cool Often operate near the metal melting point An increase of only 17 ?C can decrease the engine life by half Cool (300 ?C ) air is run out of the blades through small holes (vanes), keeping the blades from melting. Pic Attachment Keep Stress Concentrations Low “Fir Tree” Attachment Reduced stress concentrations Easy replacement Also known as the “Christmas Tree” Safety Factors Higher S.F. is usually the best. But what if the engine runs out of control at speeds higher than intended? The energy of the rotating blades goes up with ω2 What happens if the blades brake at 10% overload? 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% ? Too much energy and the blades might break through the engine shroud and into the fuselage. Quick VideoBoeing 777Engine Test Material Considerations Environment Creep Current Materials Used Materials In Research Environment Air Temperature: Between 850 and 1600?°C Melting Temperature: Steel:1400?C Nickel Alloy: 1200?C Titanium:1650?C Turbine RPM: Appx. 20,000 rpm Creep Turbine blades elongate during their life Tip clearance Result of environment and grain structure Soft “abradable” lining Directional solidification (cooling) Single crystal structure Current Materials Used Initially Steel Nickel Alloys Most common material is Titanium Laser peening Ceramic Coatings Material In Research Ceramic blades Carbon composite blades Noise reduction Light weight Manufacturing Processes Machining (not too common) Investment Casting Secondary machining Electro-Chemical Machining Single