Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies星系团中的冷却流.pptVIP

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Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies星系团中的冷却流.ppt

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Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies星系团中的冷却流.ppt

Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies A.C. Fabian ARAA 32, 277-318 (1994) and recent progress The Origins of “Cooling Flows” Clusters discovered to be extended X-ray sources (Gursky et al. 1971, UHURU; Kellogg et al. 1972; Forman et al. 1972) Thermal emission was the natural interpretation (Felten et al. 1966; Lea et al 1973; Lea 1975) given the spectrum (Davidsen et al. 1975; Gorenstein et al. 1973.) and extent. Intracluster Fe detected: hot gas (Mitchell et al. 1976, Ariel V; Serlemitsos et al. 1976 OSO8) Cooling times in many clusters very short. (Cowie Binney 1977; Fabian Nulsen 1977; Mathews Bregman 1978; Cowie, Fabian, Nulsen 1980) Unusual optical nebulae associated with cluster cooling flows. (Hu, Cowie Wang 1985; Heckman et al 1989;Fabian, Nulsen Canizares 1984) Some basic parameters of clusters Cluster mass: 1014-1015 msolar X-ray luminosity 1043-1045 erg/s radius: 1-2 Mpc, core radius: 0.3-0.5 Mpc Intracluster gas temperature: 107-108 K, number density: 10-4-10-2cm-3 total gas mass 5*1013-5*1014 Msolar (in rich cluster) chemical abundance: Fe ~0.3 times solar unit Cluster galaxies velocity dispersion: 300-1200 km/s Intracluster magnetic field: 1-40 μG Perseus ClusterNGC 1275 (Perseus A) Baade Minkowski 1954 Image of the Perseus cluster from the Palomar Sky Survey. At the center is the cD (central dominant) galaxy Perseus A or NGC 1275 High resolution of the central regions of NGC 1275, where a smaller galaxy is being canabalised by the central galaxy. The central source and the filamentary structure are clearly seen. The large number of blue point sources are fresh clusters of stars forming from the shocked gas in the collision. VLA radio image of Perseus A, overlayed on the X-ray image from the Chandra telescope. The central source is clearly seen, as well as radio lobes which apparently coincide with the two circum-nuclear “bubbles” in the X-ray image. What is Cooling Flow? Evidence for cooling Radiative cooling time