Atomic and Nuclear Physics - Mike Hemsley - Mike Hemsley原子核物理-麦克-麦克藤藤.pptVIP

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Atomic and Nuclear Physics - Mike Hemsley - Mike Hemsley原子核物理-麦克-麦克藤藤.ppt

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Atomic and Nuclear Physics - Mike Hemsley - Mike Hemsley原子核物理-麦克-麦克藤藤.ppt

Another problem is containment. What can you use to hold something this hot? JET uses magnetic fields in a doughnut shaped chamber called a torus to keep the plasma away from the container walls. Unfortunately generating high temperatures and strong magnetic fields uses up more energy than the fusion reaction produces! We are still some years off a fusion power station. Fusion on Earth 6. Atomic and Nuclear Physics Chapter 6.3 Nuclear Reactions Rutherford conducted experiments bombarding nitrogen gas with alpha particles from bismuth?214. He discovered that fast?moving particles were produced that could travel further in the gas than did the alpha particles. Furthermore, the new particles were deflected by a magnetic field in the way one would expect positively charged particles to be deflected. Rutherford concluded that the particles released in the collision were protons. Nuclear Reactions Since the number of protons in a nucleus defines an element, a change in this number literally changes the element. This change of one element to another through the bombardment of a nucleus is known as artificial transmutation. Rutherford used the cloud chamber to test his two theories of artificial transmutation. He realised that if a proton was simply being chipped off the nitrogen nucleus, then the cloud chamber should show four distinct tracks: one for the alpha particle before the collision and one each for the alpha particle, proton, and recoiling transmuted nucleus after the collision. Nuclear Reactions However, if the alpha particle was absorbed by the nitrogen nucleus, then the alpha particle track should disappear, leaving only three tracks, that of the alpha particle before the collision, and the tracks of the proton and recoiling nucleus after the collision. In 1925, P M. S. Blackett, an associate of Rutherfords, settled the issue when he discovered only three tracks, proving the alpha particle is indeed absorbed upon colliding with the nitrogen nucleus. Nuc