Atomic Excitation - Howard County Public School System原子激发-霍华德县公立学校系统.pptVIP

Bohr’s Model of the Atom Spectral Lines, Photons, and Quantum Mechanics! Before Bohr’s Model Rutherford’s Model: Central, dense, positive nucleus Electrons somewhere orbiting nucleus Rutherford assumed that electrons orbited like planets -- he assumed they followed classical physics. What’s wrong with this? Under classical mechanics, a charged particle traveling in a curved path emits energy and would therefore slow down. Waves and Wavelength The distance between any two corresponding points on one of these water waves, such as from crest to crest, is the wave’s wavelength, l . We can measure the wave’s frequency, n , by observing how often the water level rises and falls at a given point, such as at the post. Background on Light Wave nature of light: Light travels in a similar way to waves in water or Slinky c = ln c = speed of light = 3.0 x 108 m/s l = wavelength n = frequency Particle nature of light Max Planck proposed that objects emit energy in small, specific amounts called quanta. Einstein expanded on this, proposing that light is made of particles, called photons. These carry a quantum of energy, different for each wavelength. Photoelectric Effect Einstein’s Nobel prize was for describing this effect: Electromagnetic radiation strikes the surface of the metal, ejecting electrons from the metal and creating an electric current. Only certain frequencies will cause this to happen. ex. Red light, no matter how bright it is, does not have enough energy. Blue light, even if it’s dim, has enough. Bohr’s Idea Bohr said electrons were in set orbits, like rungs of a ladder. You can only be on one orbit (rung) or the next, not in the middle -- they are quantized Electrons can only move from one to the other by emitting or absorbing a particular wavelength of light (a photon with a certain energy), similar to the metal in the photoelectric effect. Atomic Excitation Is there proof? Normal Spectrum of Light: White light, split up with a prism, looks like