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Sentences, Clauses and Phrases How to Know One When You See One Laurie Miller | George Mason University Basic Grammar Terminology To get started, here is a basic review of grammar terminology. Part?of?Speech Function?or?job Example Verb action or state Peter ate dinner. Noun thing or person The dog watched the squirrel. Adjective describes a noun The hungry dog watched the grey squirrel. Adverb describes a verb, adjective or adverb The hungry dog intently watched the grey squirrel. Basic Grammar Terminology …continued Part?of?Speech Function?or?job Example Pronoun replaces a noun He ate dinner. Preposition links a noun to another word I gave a bone to the dog. Conjunction joins clauses or words Peter read the paper and listened to the radio while he ate dinner. What Makes a Sentence? Peter ate dinner. Subject = noun or pronoun that does an action or experiences a state of being Verb = expresses the action or “state”of the subject Object = noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb Peter ate dinner. Peter ate dinner. Peter ate dinner. This is also a sentence … Peter is happy. Subject Verb Complement A complement is a great deal like an object, but it differs in that is does not “receive” the action a verb. Instead it “is” the subject. Complements can be nouns or adjectives. The key to understanding them is understanding the verbs that they follow. Peter is happy. Peter is happy. Peter is happy. Verbs that take complements …  (thank you very much!) Intensive Verbs such as be and feel do not have action moving “out” of them to affect a noun. Instead they hold action “within” them. Peter threw the bone. Peter is happy. The verb threw is NOT an intensive verb (the action moves out of it to affect the object).  The verb is IS an intensive verb: Peter and happy are the same thing, so the mathematical equal sign better represents the “action” of this intensive verb. Look at the images above