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Acid + Base Class # 1 OB: intro to Arrhenius theory, meet and greet tables K, L, and M * Acids and bases always starts with a good story. A long, long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away… Please note, a great mustache! Svante ArrheniusFather of the Arrhenius Theory of Acids and BasesNobel Prize WinnerSwedish Chemist Extraordinaire The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases covers nearly 99% of all acids and bases, and allowed chemists of all levels to finally grasp what acids and bases were, how they worked, and what happens when you put them together. There are other theories, for the 1% of solutions, including ammonia, which is important for us to also learn about as well. Arrhenius theory is nearly complete. The standard theory (Arrhenius) states that ACIDS are aqueous solutions containing an excess of hydrogen ions (exceed the hydroxide ion concentration). Arrhenius theory states that BASES are aqueous solutions containing an excess of hydroxide ions (exceeding the hydrogen ion concentration). ACIDSAcids we need to know are all listed in table K. In our class we will discuss all eight acids, hydrochloric, nitrous, nitric, sufurous, sulfuric, phosphoric, carbonic, and acetic (which is also known as ethanoic acid during organic chem). Let’s look at table K now. On it we’ll write near the top – STRONGEST and near the bottom – WEAKEST Acids are strong when there are lots of H+1 ions in solution, because the compounds dissociate well. When HCl is put into water, nearly all of the HCl becomes H+1 and Cl-1 ions The more hydrogen ions in solution, the stronger the acid. HCl dissociates very well. At the top of the list, the acids dissociate the easiest. Further down, especially acetic acid (vinegar) the acids do not dissociate well at all. Much of the compound dissolves into water as a polar molecule, only a few percent of the molecules actually ionize. Dissociation of acids… HCl(G) + H2O(L) HNO2(G) + H2O(L) HNO3(G) + H2O(L) H2SO4(G)