-Realism教材课程.pptVIP

* * Realism Realism Realism in Franch Realism in England Definition Realism as a movement in literature was based on objective reality, and focused on showing everyday activities and life, primarily among the middle or lower class society, without romantic idealization or dramatization. It might be regarded as the general attempt to depict subjects as they were considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment(美化)or interpretation and in accordance with secular, empirical rules. Realism was everyday people, doing everyday things in everyday life. Used in the liberal arts particularly painting, literature , and philosophy. A truthful representation of contemporary life and manners. In Europe, the Realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and has its origin in France. In art and literature the term realism refered to the movement that lay emphasis on fidelity to actual experience. Method: observational and objective Background 现实主义文学是西欧资本主义制度确立和发展时期的产物。1830年法国爆发“七月革命”，从此，法国资产阶级取得了统治地位；1832年英国实行了议会改革，英国资产阶级的统治地位得到了进一步巩固。这两大政治事件，是西欧资本主义制度确立的标志。欧洲各国在英、法资本主义势力的影响下，相继经历了从封建制度向资本主义制度的历史性过渡。这种特定的社会政治经济形势，直接影响着文学，成为现实主义文学形成与发展的决定性因素。 Background The realism movement was greatly influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway ,wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time. Features It defined a particular kind of subject matter —the surface details, the common-place actions and the tragedies of the ordinary people constitute the chief matter of the realist movement . Its language was usually simple, clear and direct ,while the tone was often comic, frequently satiric. Features 1.Reflect the reality of life. 2.Show strong criticism. 3.Show humanism. 4.Describe typical characteristics in typial enviroment. ①反映生活的真实性；②强烈的暴露性和批判性；③人道主义思想；④描写典型环境中的典型性格。 Leading figures Main great French re