它包括货物的构造纯度大小规格.PPTVIP

Unit 7 Specifications Niu Yuanyuan Lead –in Specifications of the products refer to the detailed descriptions of the products that both the sellers and the buyers have confirmed and remarked in the contracts. If there is any factors haven’t mentioned or described clearly enough before the transaction closed, there might be more troubles comes after the delivery of the goods. In this unit we will focus on some important factors in specification negotiation. Explanation and comments on the text Each step we negotiate with our counterpart is a step toward the final drafting and conducting of the contract. Nowadays, more and more trade disputes happen because of many reasons. Some are because of the quality; some are because of the size or something different. And we can learn that most of the reasons are because the description of the objects we trade could not be written in the contracts exactly and detailed. So, specification becomes a necessary item that we should pay more attention to when we negotiate. In this unit, we’ll give you a brief introduction on “what is specification,” “What we should pay attention to negotiate on specification,” and “How to negotiate with your counterpart on specification”. 任何一个与对方谈判的步骤都是为了走向最终的合同拟定以及执行。现如今，越来越多贸易纠纷的发生源自许多原因。有些是因为质量的不同，有些是因为规格或者其他要素的不同。但大部分的都是因为对交易的标的物的描述没有很详尽并准确地在合同中标明。因此，规格成为乐我们谈判当中一个必须的注意的要点。在本单元中，我们将从“什么是规格谈判”，“在规格谈判的过程当中应注意那些要素”以及“如何与对方进行规格谈判”。 What is specification? Specification is detailed descriptions of the goods to be sold. They include the composition, purity, strength, size, etc. of the goods. 什么是规格? 规格是指对所售标的物的详细描述。它包括货物的构造、纯度，大小规格，等等。 Commonly used methods of expressing quality in international trade: Sales by samples (by seller’s or buyer’s sample) Sales by description(by specifications /grade/ standard) Sales by brand/trade mark/description/illustration 在国际贸易中常用于表述质量的方式： 凭样销售（按照卖方或买方的样品） 凭描述销售(凭规格/等级/标准销售) 凭品牌/商标/描述/图解销售 Methods of stating quality tolerance表述质量公差的方式: 1. Flexible area