句子成分-英语学习参考资料.docxVIP

句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there?be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During?the?1990s,?American?country?music?has?become?more?and?more?popular.（名词）We?often?speak?English?in?class.（代词）One-third?of?the?students?in?this?class?are?girls.（数词）To?swim?in?the?river?is?a?great?pleasure.（不定式）Smoking?does?harm?to?the?health.（动名词）The?rich?should?help?the?poor.（名词化的形容词）When?we?are?going?to?have?an?English?test?has?not?been?decided.（主语从句）It?is?necessary?to?master?a?foreign?language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He?practices?running?every?morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You?may?keep?the?book?for?two?weeks.?He?has?caught?a?bad?cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We?are?students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be ,become, get , look, grow,?turn,?seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our?teacher?of?English?is?an?American.（名词）Is?it?yours?（代词）The?weather?has?turned?cold.（形容词）The?speech?is?exciting.（分词）Three?times?seven?is?twenty?one?（数词）His?job?is?to?teach?English.（不定式）His?hobby（爱好）is?playing?football.（动名词）The?machine?must?be?out?of?order.（介词短语）Time?is?up.?The?class?is?over.（副词）The?truth?is?that?he?has?never?been?abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They?went?to?see?an?exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The?heavy?rain?prevented?me?from?coming?to?school?on?time.（代词）How?many?dictionaries?do?you?have??I?have?five.（数词）They?helped?the?old?with?their?housework?yesterday.（名词化形容词）He?pretended?not?to?see?me.（不定式短语）I?enjoy?listening?to?popular?music.（动名词短语）I?think（that）he?is?fit?for?his?office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend?me?your?dictionary,?please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They?elected?him?their?monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His?father?named?him?Dongming.（名词）They?painted?their?boat?white.（形容词）Le