阅读理解试题的设计.pptVIP

阅读理解试题的设计 Shakle Xia 提纲 阅读能力 TOEFL的研究 阅读理解试题的功能 阅读理解试题的文本 阅读理解试题设计的选材 阅读理解试题设计的标准 阅读理解试题设计的种类 阅读理解试题设计的步骤 阅读理解试题设计的注意点 国内同类试题设计的策略 阅读能力 Conceptualizing Reading Proficiency 1. The processing perspective 2. The task perspective 3. The reader purpose perspective. TOEFL的研究 Using Reader Purpose to Guide Test Design 1. Reading to find information (or “search reading”) 2. Reading for basic comprehension 3. Reading to learn 4. Reading to integrate information across multiple texts TOEFL的研究 1. Reading to Find Information One of the most basic purposes for reading is to locate and comprehend discrete pieces of information. People search text for information in order to find answers to questions that have been posed, to verify and repair any miscomprehension, and to find the most relevant parts of a text for information purposes. TOEFL的研究 2. Reading for Basic Comprehension. This comprehension purpose requires a reader to understand the main ideas or the main points of the text, or to form some understanding of the main theme of the text. TOEFL的研究 3. Reading to Learn We assume that reading to learn incorporates the ability to find information and to develop a basic comprehension of the text. However, reading to learn also requires the reader to integrate and connect the detailed information provided by the author into a coherent whole. This sort of integration requires an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, comparisons and contrasts, classification relationships, and persuasive intent. TOEFL的研究 4. Reading to Integrate Information. The ability to integrate information from multiple sources implicates all the reading purposes discussed above. This reading purpose requires a reader to integrate information from more than one source. Such tasks require a reader to work across two or more texts and generate an organizing frame that is not explicitly stated. Texts may include diagrams, charts, graphs, illustrations, and prose. 阅读理解试题的功能 Macro-ski