热伝导と接触变成作用heatconductionandcontactmetamorphism.pdfVIP

岩石学実験2013年 熱伝導と接触変成作用 Heat Conduction and Contact Metamorphism Simon Wallis, Nagoya University ウォリス サイモン INTRODUCTION 基本知識 The thermal structure of the earth is fundamental for understanding many geological processes including the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes and hydrothermal fields. Heat transfer （熱輸送）can be divided into three different types: - conduction (熱伝導) - advection （熱移流） - radiation （熱輻射） In fluids and gasses advection and radiation are dominant. In rocks, radiation is not an important heat transfer mechanism (or can be treated as part of conduction), but both advection and conduction may be important. Conduction of heat energy (熱エネルギーの拡散) is analogous to diffusion of matter (物質の拡散) and represents the transfer of energy by movement and collisions of atoms, electrons and phonons. Advection is the process of transferring heat by movement of either hot or cold bodies with respect to one another. One simple way to think of the difference between conduction and advection is to consider a blob of ink in a river (Fig. 1). The concentration of ink is analogous to temperature, and the distribution across the river of the ink concentration (or temperature) at some time and at some distance down stream is a function of how quickly the ink spreads out (conduction) and how quickly the ink is transported down stream (advection). 1 岩石学実験2013年 Figure 1. The difference between conduction and advection can be easily thought of in terms of the transport of a spreading blob of ink in a flowing river. One example of advection of heat is the inflow of cold lithospheric plat