经典英文美国地质课件1.ppt

GEOL 206Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Instructor: Chris DeVries Summer 2007 About your Instructor MSc. Candidate, McGill University, Earth and Planetary Sciences Volcanologist-in-training About the Course Twice-a-week meeting, no lab Tuesday/Thursday 18h00 – 21h00, H-937 Assumes very little scientific training high school science is plenty Examinations There will be two examinations in this course May 17 June 7 The exam you do best on will be worth 45%, the other exam worth 25% Exams will consist of Multiple choice True or False Fill-in-the-Blank Short paragraph answer Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics The process of plate tectonics, and interactions that it creates are the foundation of our dynamic world Crust is created and destroyed Grinding of plates at contact zones produce devastating earthquakes Magma is formed deep under the crust and sometimes makes its way to the Earth’s surface All of the consequences of plate tectonics have their own consequences It’s a large and complex system that by the end of this class, I hope you have a better understanding of Course Objectives Introduce you to basic concepts in geology Plate Tectonics The history of the theory of plate tectonics An overview of how the plates move and what happens when they interact Magma generation and faulting Volcanism What landforms can be attributed to volcanism Local and global hazards Mitigating hazards – the study of volcanoes Volcanoes and global change Earthquakes Where do earthquakes occur and why? When the earth shakes, what is happening? Can we predict earthquakes? Mitigating earthquakes The Big Bang Still the ‘accepted’ theory of creation in the scientific community Occurred 13-18 billion years ago A single point of concentrated energy exploded The immense heat of the explosion caused Fusion of quarks (fundamental particles) Formed protons (1H) and neutrons Fusion of protons and neutrons Formed 2H, 3He, 4He and 7Li First Billion Years The fundamental forc