英美概况课件第二章.pptVIP

Chapter II Natural Resources Chapter II I. Water— abundant surface water: rivers, reservoirs in Welsh mountains, lakes in Lake District. 38% requirements are from underground sources. II. Fuels 1. Coal: Britain has some of great coalfields in the midland valley of Scotland South Wales. 2. Natural gas: 1964-1966 discovered in North Sea 3. Oil: discovered in 1970 in North Sea 4. Nuclear Power Station: operated by Atomic Energy Authority, provided 10% of electricity 1. Iron ore: sedimentary deposits with self-fluxing prosperities 2. Tin ore: has been worked more than 3000 years 3. Lead ore: containing silver, has been worked since pre-Roman times, lies in limestone regions 4. Copper: North Wales, ancient volcanic rocks IV. Other Resources 1. Saline Deposits: brine-pumping of the thick salt series 2. Useful Rocks: rich in clays; limestone in England Wales; hard rocks for road stones; sand gravel for mortar Chapter III Economy I. The characteristics of the Britain Economy 1. Britain was one of the world’s most advanced manufacturing and trade nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world’s foreign trade. 2. The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) 3. The agriculture does not produce enough food to meet the country’s basic needs and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. 4. British labor force is homogeneous, with a high rate of labor mobility. 5. British industry is operated by different types of firms: small family business great public corporation. A. Privatization: the return of state enterprises to private ownership and control by small family business, usually organized as a private company. B. Nationalization: the acquisition of private companies by the public sector. In the1960’s, concentration in industry as a whole increased, especially in iron and steel and coal mining, concentration not by market forces but by politi